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Objective@#To investigate the application value of 3D microscope in vascular anastomosis in oral and maxillofacial surgery, to provide a reference for clinicians. @*Methods @#Eighty-seven cases of free flap reconstruction in oral and maxillofacial surgery were retrospectively included, including 30 cases in the 3D microscope group and 57 cases in the optical microscope group. The differences in intraoperative vascular anastomosis time, postoperative flap survival rate and doctor evaluation scores between the 3D microscope group and the optical microscope group were compared and statistically analyzed, and the feasibility of using three-dimensional microscope in surgery was evaluated. @*Results @#The arterial anastomosis time was (26.53±3.83) min/root in the 3D microscope group and (24.88 ± 2.97) min/root in the optical microscope group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The venous anastomosis time was (30.68 ± 3.51) min/root in the three-dimensional microscope group and (28.70 ± 2.91) min/root in the optical microscope group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the survival rate of flaps between the 3D microscope group (n = 28, 93.33%) and the optical microscope group (n = 53, 92.98%) (P>0.05). The doctor's evaluation scores of visual fatigue, training and learning, operative difficulty index, image sharing in the three-dimensional microscope group were higher than those in the optical microscope group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). @* Conclusion @# 3D microscope has good reliability and safety in surgery, a strong sense of three-dimensionality, and the convenience of teaching and training. It can be well applied to vascular anastomosis in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
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OBJECTIVE@#Compared with the method of optical microscopy, to evaluate the accuracy of fragmented red cells(FRC) detection by Sysmex XN-3000.@*METHODS@#A total of 111 samples were collected from patients diagnosed as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune disease, hematological disease, malignant tumor and health examination in our hospital from June 2019 to February 2021, including 74 cases in the case group and 37 cases in the healthy control group. All samples were detected by optical microscope and Sysmex XN-3000, respectively. ROC was used to evaluate the detection ability of Sysmex XN-3000 for schistocyte. Bland-Altman method was used to evaluate the consistency of the results of the two methods for detection of schistocyte, and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted for the difference of the results.@*RESULTS@#The area under the ROC curve was 0.890(95% CI: 0.828-0.952, P<0.01). Sysmex XN-3000 count did not quantitatively agree with schistocyte counts by microscopy in the case group(mean of difference:-1.53, 95% limits of agreement: -8.78~5.72). There was a weak positive correlation between platelet count and the difference of analyzer and microscopic results (r=0.32,P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Sysmex XN-3000 can be used as a reference for qualitative determination of schistocyte. However, the sensitivity of Sysmex XN-3000 should be improved. It is still necessary to combine with manual microscopy. The quantitative results are not reliable now and cannot be used as a reference for monitoring the results of schistocyte in clinical patients after treatment.
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Humans , Neoplasms , Platelet Count , Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic , ROC Curve , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
@#AIM: To investigate the Demodex infection in patients with recurrent chalazion and the possible related factors for Demodex infection.<p>METHODS: Patients diagnosed with "chalazion" in our ocular surface and cornea department from January 2019 to May 2019 were collected. 32 eyes in group A were patients with recurrent chalazion, 30 eyes in group B were patients with primary chalazion, and 35 eyes in group C were patients without eye disease. The positive infection rate of the roots of Demodex lashes was observed by biological optical microscopy. The infection of Demodex in the roots of the eyelashes and the opening of the meibomian glands was observed by vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy.<p>RESULTS: Observations by biological optical microscope: the detection rate of Demodex in the eyelashes of group A was 78%, which was significantly higher than that of group B(57%)and group C(34%). Observations by confocal microscopy: the detection rate of Demodex in the eyelashes of group A was 88%, which was significantly higher than that of group B(67%)and group C(37%). The detection rate of Demodex in the meibomian gland opening of group A was 69%, which was significantly higher than that of group B(23%)and group C(14%).<p>CONCLUSION: The rate of Demodex infection in patients with recurrent chalazion is obviously higher. Demodex infection may be one of the pathogenic reasons for recurrent chalazion.
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Purpose: The study aimed to compare the effect of different materials, thicknesses, and polymerization methods and cycles, on the surface porosity of acrylic denture base resins. Materials and Methods: Conventional heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and specially designed acrylic resin (Acron MC) were used to make 84 rectangular samples. They were divided into three groups to evaluate and compare the polymerization techniques, curing cycles, and thicknesses of the two denture base materials (28 samples each). Group A contained PMMA samples polymerized using water bath method (control group); Group B contained Acron MC samples polymerized by microwave method, and Group C contained PMMA samples polymerized by microwave method. Each group was further divided based on sample thickness and polymerization cycles. Each sample was scanned for surface porosity and area of each pore was measured using optical microscope. Data was analyzed using ANOVA, Bonferroni, and student t-tests. Unpaired student t-test was performed to compare the means of surface porosity with polymerization cycles and thicknesses among the groups. The power of study was kept at 80%. Results: Group C showed highest mean % of porosity depending on method of polymerization, different polymerization cycles (short and long) and polymerization cycles within the group. Group B showed the highest mean % of porosity depending on thickness and thickness within the groups. Conclusions: Microwavable acrylic resin polymerized by microwave energy exhibited statistically insignificant increase in porosity when compared to conventional heat cured acrylic resin by water bath method. Conventional acrylic resin polymerized by microwave energy exhibited high statistically significant porosity irrespective of sample thickness. There was statistically insignificant increase in porosity depending on sample thickness irrespective of material and method of polymerization.
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El microscopio es un instrumento, que desde hace muchos años es herramienta diagnóstica en Dermatología. La evolución del microscopio ha ido en sinergia con el avance de la tecnología, siendo el desarrollo de imágenes microscópicas digitalizadas, fuente de estudio en la época actual. El uso de estas imágenes en Dermatología ha permitido realizar diagnósticos en tiempo real; situación que vence la celeridad diagnóstica y aminora tanto para el médico como para el paciente, la lentitud de otras técnicas. El conocimiento sobre los diferentes métodos que se utilizan actualmente, para confirmar diagnósticos de enfermedades cutáneas, como: la dermatoscopía, la dermatoscopía multiespectral y la microscopía confocal de reflectancia, son imprescindibles para la formación del dermatólogo de hoy en día, ya que, con ellos se resumen pasos para el manejo definitivo de los pacientes. Con esta disertación, realizaremos un breve análisis de la historia de la microscopía, desde sus inicios hasta la era digital y los beneficios que se obtienen, con el uso de cada una de estas técnicas diagnósticas.
The microscope, is an instrument that for many years is used as a diagnostic tool in Dermatology. The evolution of the microscope has gone in synergy with the advancement of technology, being the development of digitized microscopic images a source of study and research in the present time. The use of these images in Dermatology has carried out diagnoses in real time; situation that overcomes the diagnostic speed and reduces for both the doctor and the patient the slowness of other techniques. The knowledge about the different methods currently used to confirm skin diseases, such as dermatoscopy, multispectral dermoscopy and confocal reflectance microscopy, is essential for the formation of today's dermatologist, since they summarize the steps for the definitive management of patients. With this dissertation, we will make a brief analysis of the history of microscopy from its beginnings to the digital age, and the benefits obtained with the use of each of these diagnostic techniques.
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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used for analysis of the distribution of S,Mn,Fe,Cr,Mo,Si,Al in a 34CrNiMo6 steel sample cut from a main shaft of wind driven generator.The MnS inclusion area in each ablation craters cover zone was extracted in the way of comparing the metallograph captured by optical microscopy before and after LIBS scanning ablation.The statistic relation between MnS inclusion area and signal intensity of S and Mn was analyzed.The result showed that the abnormal signal of S and Mn occurred at the same position with the existence of MnS inclusion,and their signal intensity showed linear relationship.The abnormal signal of S and Mn were triggered mainly by MnS inclusion.The statistic result also showed linear relationship between signal intensity and MnS inclusion area both for S and Mn.It was possible to determine the inclusion type,size and distribution by analyzing abnormal signal.A simplified ablation model was established to calculate the relation of S and Mn content to MnS inclusion area.The arithmetic result showed a linear relation between the content and MnS inclusion area both for S and Mn.The calculation confirmed the linear relationship between signal intensity and inclusion area observed in experiment.The linear relationship could be interfered by macro-segregation,micro-segregation,deviation in measuring inclusion area,and inclusion spatter in pre-ablation.
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Abstract: Microscopic measurements are widely used in scientific research and the correct equipment to perform these evaluations could be critical to determine study results. Regarding microscopic measurements, three of the most used methods are: Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Micro-computed Tomography (MCT). It is important to select the best method for assessing diverse parameters, considering operational characteristics of the method, the equipment efficiency, and the machinery cost. Aim: Therefore, the main objective of this study was to define which is the most useful measurement method for assessing magnitudes below 0.4 mm. Methods: Ten dental implants, with known dimensions as defined by the manufacturer were randomly distributed. Two blinded observers assessed the distance between the second and the third screw vortex of the implants using three suggested methods. The true distance was defined to be 0.5 mm. Results: The assessed distances were: 0.597±0.007mm for OM, 0.578±0.017mm for SEM, and 0.613±0.006mm for MCT. The assessed distances were significantly different when the methods were compared (P>0.01). All measurements were into the CAD tolerances. Conclusion: It was possible to conclude that linear easurements between 595 and 605 µm could be performed by any of the described technologies (AU)
Subject(s)
Dental Implants , Microscopy, Electrochemical, Scanning/methods , Microscopy/methods , X-Ray Microtomography/methodsABSTRACT
Objective To understand the structure characteristics of hypopus of Caloglyphus berlesei. Methods The hy?popus of C. berlesei was collected from the feed of Chinese Polyphaga,and was made into the conventional glass specimens. The structure characteristics of hypopus of C. berlesei were observed by an optical microscope. Results The hypopus of C. ber?lesei had 4 pairs of legs,and the foot claws and tarsus were well?developed. The structural features were shown,such as the se?tae of tibia and setae of genu. Genital plates were obviously ossified. Conclusion The research on hypopus of Caloglyphus ber?lesei provides the reference for its further scientific classification and research on the life cycle.
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PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of surface treatments on shear bond strength (SBS) between microwave and conventionally sintered zirconia core/veneers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 96 disc shaped Noritake Alliance zirconia specimens were fabricated using YenaDent CAM unit and were divided in 2 groups with respect to microwave or conventional methods (n=48/group). Surface roughness (Ra) evaluation was made with a profilometer on randomly selected microwave (n=10) and conventionally sintered (n=10) cores. Specimens were then assessed into 4 subgroups according to surface treatments applied (n=12/group). Groups for microwave (M) and conventionally (C) sintered core specimens were as follows; M(C),C(C): untreated (control group), M1,C1:Al2O3 sandblasting, M2,C2:liner, M3,C3:Al2O3 sandblasting followed by liner. Veneer ceramic was fired on zirconia cores and specimens were thermocycled (6000 cycles between 5degrees-55degrees C). All specimens were subjected to SBS test using a universal testing machine at 0.5 mm/min, failure were evaluated under an optical microscope. Data were statistically analyzed using Shapiro Wilk, Levene, Post-hoc Tukey HSD and Student's t tests, Two-Way-Variance-Analysis and One-Way-Variance-Analysis (alpha=.05). RESULTS: Conventionally sintered specimens (1.06 +/- 0.32 microm) showed rougher surfaces compared to microwave sintered ones (0.76 +/- 0.32 microm)(P=.046), however, no correlation was found between SBS and surface roughness (r=-0.109, P=.658). The statistical comparison of the shear bond strengths of C3 and C1 group (P=.015); C(C) and M(C) group (P=.004) and C3 and M3 group presented statistically higher (P=.005) values. While adhesive failure was not seen in any of the groups, cohesive and combined patterns were seen in all groups. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this in-vitro study, Al2O3-sandblasting followed by liner application on conventionally sintered zirconia cores may be preferred to enhance bond strength.
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Adhesives , Ceramics , Collodion , Fires , Methods , Microwaves , ZirconiumABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare Ni-Cr alloy property of gas-oxygen torch soldering and infrared welding using optical microscope and Electron Probe Micro Analyzer (EPMA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ni-Cr alloys were casted for specimens. Specimens had 3.0 mm diameter, 30.0 mm length and were divided into two groups. Each group had 4 specimens. One group was for gas-oxygen torch soldering and the other was infrared welding. Specimens were cut with low-speed disc and soldered each other with gas-oxygen torch and infrared machine. After soldering and polishing, specimens were observed at 3 points (soldering point, 5 mm distance point, 10 mm distance point) with optical microscope and analyzed 3 points (soldering point, 5 mm distance point, 10 mm distance point with EPMA. RESULTS: The results of this study were as follows: 1. The observation of gas-oxygen torch soldering at 10 mm distance point under the optical microscope was not founded any specific surface properties, but some crack lines were observed at 5 mm distance and soldering point. 2. There were no crack lines were founded at the observation of infrared welding at 10 mm distance and 5 mm distance points under the optical microscope. However, at the 5 mm distance, the surface was not smooth enough compared with at 10 mm distance point. Some crack lines were observed at the welding point as well. 3. In the EPMA analysis of the gas-oxygen torch soldering, the component of Ni was increased by 4.5%, Cr was increased by 7.5% than that of the Ni-Cr alloy at the 10.0 mm distance. At the 5 mm distance, the component of Ni was decreased by 6.1%, Mo was increased by 9.0% than that of the Ni-Cr alloy but Cr was equally shown at the 5.0 mm distance. Only Ni was shown at the soldering point. 4. In the EPMA analysis of the infrared welding, the component of Ni was increased by 9.1%, Cr was increased by 0.4% than that of the Ni-Cr alloy but Al was equal at the 10.0 mm distance. At the 5 mm distance, the component of Ni was increased by 4.7%, Cr was increased by 4.7% and Al was increased by 0.1% than that of the Ni-Cr alloy. At the welding point, the component of Ni was increased by 8.8%, Cr was increased by 8.2% than that of the Ni-Cr alloy. CONCLUSION: From these results, at the 5 mm distance from the soldering point, the surface of the infrared welding was more smoother than that of the gas-oxygen torch soldering. On the EPMA analysis, the component of the specimens with infrared welding was more similar than that of the gas-oxygen torch soldering compared with the component of the Ni-Cr alloy.
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Alloys , Electrons , Surface Properties , WeldingABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the morphological features of reproductive system of adult Schistosoma japonicum under an optical microscope.Methods Adult schistosomes were obtained from infected mice with cercariae shedding from Oncomelania snails.The adult worms fixed with 10% formalin,dehydrated,imbedded in paraffin,cut at 3 ?m thick,stained by HE staining and then observed under an optical microscope.Results The reproductive organs of adult Schistosoma japonicum such as testicle,ovary,fallopian tube,vitellarium,yolk duct and hystera were displayed distinctly and typically.Conclusions The morphological features of reproductive system of adult Schistosoma japonicum are distinct and typical by using routine pathological techniques preparing and HE staining,which establishes a morphological foundation for the morphological teaching of schistosomes and reproductive biology research.